National Landscapes are areas of countryside that have been designated for conservation due to their significant landscape value. Areas are designated in recognition of their national importance and are exceptional landscapes whose distinctive character and natural beauty are precious enough to be safeguarded in the national interest. National Landscapes are protected by the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000. There are 34 National Landscapes in England and Natural England has the discretion to consider whether to assess and designate an area as a National Landscape, which include villages and small towns.
The National Landscape designation aims to meet the need for quiet enjoyment of the countryside and have regard for the interests of those who live and work there. To achieve these aims, National Landscapes rely on planning controls and practical countryside management. Unlike National Parks, planning matters for National Landscapes remain the responsibility of local planning authorities (LPAs), although Natural England must be consulted on development proposals where they might have a significant impact on the protected area.
Development in National Landscapes must be in accordance with the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and the development plan for the area in which they lie. Like National Parks, the NPPF affords great weight to the conservation and enhancement of the landscape and scenic beauty of National Landscapes, and gives them the highest status of protection in relation to these issues.
Each National Landscape must have a management plan as well, which can be used to shape local or neighbourhood plans and make decisions on development proposals. Management plans can be made by the local authority or they can delegate this function to a partnership, who are also allowed to manage the National Landscape. However, the responsibilities of planning decision-taking and planning policies for the National Landscape remain that of the local planning authority. In National Landscapes there are also tighter restrictions on permitted development rights under the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (England) Order 2015 as amended.