What is a caravan?
Section 13 of the Caravan Act 1968 defines a caravan as:
“any structure designed and adapted for human habitation which can be moved from one place to another”
This definition covers a broad range of moveable structures including touring caravans, static caravans, motorhomes/campervans, but also typically pods, shepherd’s huts and mobile homes.
Twin-unit caravans must comprise no more than two sections joined together and can still be moved from one place to another when assembled. They must not exceed 20m in length, 6.8m width and 3.05m height.
The definition of a caravan does not include tents.
Do I need planning permission to live in a caravan on land I own?
Living in a caravan sited on non-residential land (such as land used for agriculture or forestry) for more than 28 days any calendar year is considered a change of use of the land and therefore requires planning permission. There are usually restrictions on where caravans can be located so it is advisable to check with the relevant local authority what local planning policies and/or designations apply.
If your caravan is permanently fixed to the ground (or it doesn’t conform to the legal definition of a caravan), then it may require planning permission as a ‘building’ and will be subject to the same restrictions as other new dwellings in the countryside.
Works to enable the residential use of the land such as the construction of an access or parking area, decking and outbuildings, laying of hardstanding/permanent foundations, installation of utilities/services connections will also typically need planning permission.
Caravans sited on residential land including residential caravan parks or within the garden or curtilage (boundary) of an existing house are subject to different rules and may not need planning permission (see below).
Do I need planning permission for a caravan in my garden?
Keeping a caravan within the curtilage (boundary) of a dwelling i.e. the driveway or garden is usually considered permitted development and does not therefore need planning permission. The caravan must however be used by family members and guests for uses in connection with the main house. It cannot be rented out for holiday use (this would require planning permission).